Hospital General San Bruno. Xalapa, Veracruz. México.
Generalidades.
Debido a la alta demanda de servicios de salud en la
ciudad de Xalapa, capital del Estado de Veracruz, donde tal necesidad rebasa la
capacidad de los nosocomios existentes en dicha localidad, se plantea la puesta
en marcha de un desarrollo hospitalario que brinde, en primera instancia,
atención medica quirúrgica de alta calidad, optimizando la experiencia del
cuidado de la salud tanto a pacientes como al personal que ofrece el servicio, con
eficiencia clínica.
Bajo estos parámetros de operatividad, así como atendiendo
a estándares de sustentabilidad arquitectónica como son el bajo consumo
energético, la reducción de las emisiones de contaminantes al ambiente, el
tratamiento de aguas residuales, la implementación de azoteas verdes así como
la mitigación del alto impacto de los procesos de construcción de un edificio
nuevo a través de la reutilización de un inmueble existente, es como se sustenta el proyecto del Hospital General San Bruno, a ubicarse en el barrio homónimo recientemente declarado "barrio histórico" en la ciudad.
Como se menciona, este hospital es un proyecto de
rehabilitación y ampliación de un edificio existente: la cede del Sindicato Emancipador Revolucionario de San Bruno (SERSB). Dicho edificio será rehabilitado en los 693.60 m2
que lo integran, mismos que actualmente concentran dos plantas construidas, ambas en
desuso desde hace aproximadamente diez años.
El edificio funcionaba como oficinas sindicales,
contando además con un auditorio. Este ultimo espacio, a diferencia del resto
del edificio, cuenta con una cubierta de lamina de asbesto sobre una estructura
metalica, misma que será desmantelada
quedando dicha area de auditorio cielo
abierto, con lo cual se procederá a demoler el piso para efectuar las
excavaciones correspondientes para la construcción del estacionamiento que será
subterráneo, asi como la central de gases, residuos municipales y servicio
mortuorio. Una vez ejecutado lo anteriormente mencionado, la superficie del
edificio se ampliara en 1,830 m2 mas de area utilizable, con lo cual el Hospital General San Bruno contara con un total de 2,524.35 m2, superficie en la que se desarrolla el programa médico-arquitectónico que consta de:
Programa médico-arquitectónico.
a)
Nivel Subterraneo:
b)
Planta Baja:
19.
Escalera
c)
Primero y Segundo Nivel:
117.
Oficina de director general
d)
Tercer Nivel
124. Solarium para fotoceldas.
125. Cubierta de captación pluvial.
Factores de sustentabilidad.
Las buenas practicas contemporáneas en lo que a edificación se refiere, plantean el cuidado del medio ambiente desde los procesos constructivos de ejecución del inmueble hasta las actividades de operación y mantenimiento del edificio.
Por este motivo, se plantea este proyecto desde la estrecha relación que guarda la salud con los espacios que utilizamos, es decir, entre salud y hábitat. Esta directriz arquitectonica busca lograr que el diseño de este edificio para el cuidado de la salud amplie sus limites mas alla del interior del inmueble, sino hacia el contexto que lo circunda y en el cual se inserta para servirle. Se busca ejecutar un edificio para la salud no solo de sus ocupantes, sino también de sus vecinos, que minimice las emisiones contaminantes y maximice los beneficios a la comunidad. Por tanto, se busca que la edificación genere un minimo impacto al medio ambiente a través de la implementación de las siguientes estrategias de diseño sustentable:
·
Reduccion de los volúmenes de obra nueva al reciclar un edificio
existente.
Prospectiva.
Con lo descrito, queda establecido que el Hospital General San Bruno busca ser un “buen vecino” dentro de su contexto, no solo para la población aledaña a su ubicación sino dentro de un contexto geográfico mas amplio, lo que llevara la consigna de posicionarse como el primer hospital verde del estado de Veracruz, además de la gestión actual para convertirlo en el primer hospital que opere bajo el esquema de Asociación Público Privada (APP), lo que permitirá dar cobertura a los servicios del Seguro Popular dando atención a una población de 150 mil habitantes de escasos recursos provenientes de la zona poniente de Xalapa, además de las poblaciones e San Andrés Tlalnehuayocan, Otilpan, San Antonio y Rancho Viejo.
Proyecto: Arq. Arturo Martínez Merinos.
Construcción: Geoasfaltos S.A. de C.V.
San Bruno General Hospital. The building as a good neighbor.
Due to the high demand for health services in the city of Xalapa, capital of Veracruz state, where such a need beyond the capacity of existing healthcare facilities in the locality, the implementation of a hospital that provides development, first arises instance, surgical care of high quality, optimizing the experience of healthcare for both patients and staff providing the service, with clinical efficiency.
Under these operational parameters, as well as attending to architectural sustainability standards such as low energy consumption, reducing emissions of pollutants into the environment, waste water treatment, implementation of green roofs as well as high impact mitigation the process of constructing a new building through the reuse of an existing building, as the project is the General Hospital San Bruno is based, to be located in the homonymous neighborhood recently declared "historic district" in the city.
As mentioned, this hospital is a project of rehabilitation and expansion of an existing building, which will be renovated in 693.60 m2 comprising it, they currently account for two plants built, both in use for approximately ten years.
The building functioned as union offices and also boasts an auditorium. The latter space, unlike the rest of the building has an indoor asbestos sheet on a metal frame, it will be dismantled leaving this area open auditorium sky, which will proceed to demolish the floor to make the corresponding excavations for the construction of parking will be underground, as well as the central gas, municipal waste and mortuary service. After executing the above, the surface of the building was expanded in more than 1,830 m2 usable area, which the General Hospital San Bruno will have a total of 2524.35 m2 surface on which the medical-architectural program developed consisting from:
Medical-architectural program.
a) Basement:
1. Parking
2. Tanks
3. Lifts
4. Maintenance Office
5. Mortuary Service
6. Municipal Waste
7. R.P.B.I.
8. Compressor
9. Central gas (manifold)
10. Electric Room
11. Emergency plant
b) Ground Floor:
12. Parking ambulances
13. Plant wastewater treatment
14. Access to private vehicles Parking
15. Lobby Access
16. Reception and box
17. Stay expected
18. Public toilets men (including the disabled)
Women public toilets (including disabled)
19. Stairs
20. Pharmacy
21. Sales Area
22. Responsible health pharmacy
23. Clinical Laboratory
24. Lobby laboratory
25. Blood sampling
26. Gynecological samples making
27. Bathroom gynecological taking samples
28. Storage of reagents
29. Analysis Area
30. Office health official laboratory
31. X-ray room
32. Control RX
33. Dressing RX
34. Blue Room
35. Ultrasound Room
36. MRI room
37. Control RM
38. Dressing RM
39. Bathroom cabinets RM
40. Septic room
41. Emergency Unit
42. Waiting Room
43. Reports and nurses emergency work
44. Access ambulance transfers
45. Fourth shock
46. Office of valuation
47. Office of obstetrical valuation
48. cubicle cures and casts
49. cubicle pediatric observation
50. cubicle obstetrical observation
51. cubicle adults observation
52. Sanitary patients
53. Cubicle Hydration
54. Fourth decontamination
55. Surgical Unit
56. Medical Wait
57. Dressing Women
58. Dressing men
59. White Area
60. Operating Room
61. Grey Area
62. Transfer station and stretchers
63. Anesthesia and medical work
64. Central nurses
65. Postoperative Recovery
66. Fourth septic
67. tocoquirurgica Unit
68. Labor
69. Central nurses
70. delivery room
71. postpartum recovery
72. Central nurses
73. Ropería
74. Bathroom
75. Dressing obstetrician gynecologist
76. C.E.Y.E.
77. Filter access to personnel C.E.Y.E.
78. Reception of pre washed material
79. Fourth sterilization and autoclaves
80. Fourth assembly
81. sterile storage
82. Delivery of sterile material
c) First and Second Level:
83. Outpatient Unit (14 offices)
84. Reception
85. Waiting Room
86. Public Health
87. Office of Internal Medicine (2)
88. Office of traumatology (2)
89. Office of gynecology (2)
90. Pediatric clinic (2)
91. Clinic of Gastroenterology (2)
92. Office of Pneumology (2)
93. Office of Otorhinolaryngology (2)
94. inpatient unit (20/4)
95. Central nurses
96. pediatric hospitalization (4/4)
97. Obstetric hospitalization (6/4)
98. Hospitalization adults (6/4)
99. Hospitalization isolated (2/4)
100. Intermediate Therapy (2/4)
101. Health nurses
102. Fourth septic
103. Public Health
104. Filter access to cradle room
105. Cradle room
106. Cradle visitors area
107. Unit blood transfusion
108. Office responsible transfusion
109. Cubicle medical examination
110. Cubicle extraction and application
111. Blood Conservation Area
112. Administrative control
113. Administrative unit
114. Administrative Staff
115. General and Administration clinical file
116. SITE
117. Office of CEO
118. Health staff
d) Third Level
119. Fourth air conditioning
120. Dietetics
Dressing 121 employees
123. Green roof.
124. Solarium for photocells.
125. cover rainwater harvesting.
Sustainable design criteria.
Contemporary good practices as far as construction is concerned, raise the care of the environment from the construction processes of implementation of the property to operating activities and building maintenance.
For this reason, this project arises from the close relationship of health to the spaces we use, that is, between health and habitat. This directive seeks to make the architectural design of this building for the healthcare Expand your limits beyond the interior of the building, but to the context that surrounds it and which is inserted to serve. The goal is to run a building for the health not only of its occupants, but also their neighbors, to minimize emissions and maximize the benefits to the community. Therefore, it is intended that the building generates a minimum impact on the environment through the implementation of sustainable design strategies following:
· Reduction of volumes of new work to recycle an existing building.
· Position and location of the assembly approaches the sunlight, lighting and natural ventilation.
· Construction of green roofs to mitigate the effects of thermal inertia own concrete slabs covering the existing building. In turn, these roof gardens allow capturing rainwater for use and recycling, since this is a given the high level of rainfall in the city of Xalapa, Veracruz abundant resource.
· Installation of a treatment plant wastewater, it will serve to reduce the degree of pollution and harmfulness of wastewater from the hospital and will be discharged into the network of municipal sewage, in compliance with regulations of the Ministry of Health; the Federal Attorney for Environmental Protection; the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources and the National Water Commission.
· Reducing the "carbon footprint" through utilziacion materials, facilities and equipment that contribute to the project to achieve LEED certification (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design).
Prospective.
As described, it is established that the General Hospital San Bruno seeks to be a "good neighbor" in context, not only for the surrounding population to its location but within a wider geographical context, which carry the slogan to position itself as the first green hospital of Veracruz, along with the current management to make it the first hospital operating under the framework of Public Private Partnership (PPP), which will provide coverage of Public Healthcare free services providing care to a population of 150,000 poor people from the western part of Xalapa, besides stocks and San Andrés Tlalnehuayocan, Otilpan, San Antonio and Rancho Viejo.
Project: Arturo Martínez Merinos - Architect
Construction: Geoasfaltos S.A. de C.V.
Location: Xalapa, Veracruz. MÉXICO.
